研究人员报道了一种双电极催化剂的重大突破，仅凭一种化合物可以同时从海水和淡水中高效制造氢气和氧气。

通过在镍/钼/氮化合物中加入少量的铁进行调整，并在泡沫镍上使其生长，高效制造氢气后，通过循环电压进行电化学重组，将其转化为可同样高效催化析氧反应的化合物。

该新型催化剂仅使用单一催化剂高效运行，而且当使用碱性海水，在半工业化条件下运行时，仅以1.56V的电压就实现了1000mA/cm²的电流密度，并且在长达80小时的测试期间始终保持稳定。

由于新型催化剂产生纯氧，因此可以避免一些催化剂产生的腐蚀性氯气等副产物。

在析氢反应（HER）中使用的铁调整后的镍/钼/氮化合物，经过循环电压进行电化学重组后，形成氧化铁、钼和镍的混合材料，可直接用于析氧反应（OER），即不需要第二种催化剂，技术要求也变得简单。

Abstract

Electrochemical reconstruction is a powerful tool for generating highly active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Utilizing electrochemical reconstruction to fabricate an OER active catalyst based on a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst enables the development of a bifunctional catalyst that possesses state-of-the-art HER and OER activity simultaneously. Here we successfully synthesized Fe-doped Ni&Ni_0.2Mo_0.8N (Fe_0.01-Ni&Ni_0.2Mo_0.8N) on Ni foam and, after rapid electrochemical reconstruction, the Fe-doped Ni&Ni_0.2Mo_0.8N compound was reconstructed into NiO co-doped with Fe and Mo (Fe_0.01&Mo-NiO). The Fe₀_.01-Ni&Ni_0.2Mo_0.8N and Fe_0.01&Mo-NiO compounds were found to exhibit state-of-the-art HER and OER performance, respectively. Alkaline fresh water/seawater electrolysis was then systematically studied using the two-electrode electrolyzer Fe_0.01-Ni&Ni_0.2Mo_0.8N‖Fe_0.01&Mo-NiO. Due to the excellent seawater HER and OER activity of the individual catalysts, the electrolyzer exhibited record-high performance for seawater electrolysis, achieving a current density of 688 mA cm⁻² at 1.7 V. Further experiments under quasi-industrial conditions (6 M KOH & seawater, 60 °C) showed that the electrolyzer delivers a current density of 1000 mA cm⁻² at the extremely low voltage of 1.562 V, which is only 1.49% higher than that required for fresh water under the same conditions. Stability testing of the electrolyzer showed that it exhibits good durability over 80 h under the harsh industrial conditions. Therefore, the findings in this research promote the development of bifunctional catalysts and address the small performance differences between alkaline fresh water and seawater electrolysis under industrial conditions.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EE01094A

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从海水中低成本制造氢气的新型催化剂的开发